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Machine Learning

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How to Normalize NumPy Arrays (Min-Max Scaling, Z-Score, L2)

In this tutorial, you’ll learn how normalize NumPy arrays, including multi-dimensional arrays. Normalization is an important skill for any data analyst or data scientist. Normalization refers to the process of scaling data within a specific range or distribution to make

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Best Python Books in 2023 (Beginner & Advanced)

In this post, we’re going to explore the best books to learn Python in 2023, whether you’re a beginner or an advanced user. Finding the right book to learn can make or break your learning journey. Python is an incredibly

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Implementing the Sigmoid Function in Python

In this tutorial, you’ll learn how to implement the sigmoid activation function in Python. Because the sigmoid function is an activation function in neural networks, it’s important to understand how to implement it in Python. You’ll also learn some of

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Support Vector Machines (SVM) in Python with Sklearn

In this tutorial, you’ll learn about Support Vector Machines (or SVM) and how they are implemented in Python using Sklearn. The support vector machine algorithm is a supervised machine learning algorithm that is often used for classification problems, though it

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One-Hot Encoding in Scikit-Learn with OneHotEncoder

In this tutorial, you’ll learn how to use the OneHotEncoder class in Scikit-Learn to one hot encode your categorical data in sklearn. One-hot encoding is a process by which categorical data (such as nominal data) are converted into numerical features

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How to Calculate Mean Absolute Error (MAE) in Python

In this tutorial, you’ll learn how to calculate the mean absolute error, or MAE, in Python. The mean absolute error can help measure the accuracy of a given machine learning model. The MAE can be a good complement or alternative to

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K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) Algorithm in Python

In this tutorial, you’ll learn how all you need to know about the K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm and how it works using Scikit-Learn in Python. The K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm in this tutorial will focus on classification problems, though many of the

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How to Calculate MAPE in Python

In this tutorial, you’ll learn how to use Python to calculate the MAPE, or the mean absolute percentage error. This error is often used to measure the accuracy of machine learning models. By the end of this tutorial, you’ll have

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Hyper-parameter Tuning with GridSearchCV in Sklearn

In this tutorial, you’ll learn how to use GridSearchCV for hyper-parameter tuning in machine learning. In machine learning, you train models on a dataset and select the best performing model. One of the tools available to you in your search

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Calculate Manhattan Distance in Python (City Block Distance)

In this tutorial, you’ll learn how to use Python to calculate the Manhattan distance. The Manhattan distance is often referred to as the city block distance or the taxi cab distance. The Manhattan distance can be a helpful measure when

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Calculate Hamming Distance in Python (with Examples)

In this tutorial, you’ll learn how to calculate the hamming distance in Python, using step-by-step examples. In machine learning, the Hamming distance represents the sum of corresponding elements that differ between vectors. By the end of this tutorial, you’ll have

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Introduction to Machine Learning in Python

In this tutorial, you’ll gain an understanding of what machine learning is and how Python can help you take on machine learning projects. Understanding what machine learning is, allows you to understand and see its pervasiveness. In many cases, people